Table of contents 3

Report methodology 7

Why this report? 11

What we got right, what we got wrong 12

Executive summary 18

Context 44

Market forecasts: Value and volume 70

• Industrial
• Commercial naval and offshore
• Commercial aerospace
• Defense and military

Market trends 101

• Industrial and commercial naval
• Commercial aerospace and space
• Defense and military
• Robotic applications and new mobility

Market shares and supply chain 155

• Player overview
• Player market shares by technology: FOG, RLG, HRG, Si-MEMS, Q-MEMS and others
• Player market shares by application grade: industrial, tactical, navigation, strategic
• Supply chain by application
• Supply chain by technology: FOG, RLG, HRG, Si-MEMS, Q-MEMS, DTG and others

Technology trends 224

• Gyroscopes: FOG, RLG, HRG, Si-MEMS, Q-MEMS, DTG and others
• Accelerometers
• Inertial R&D concepts

Cost and manufacturing 292

• Gyroscope cost per axe and per IMU: FOG, RLG, HRG, Si-MEMS, Q-MEMS, DTG and others
• Accelerometers
• Cost evolution

Outlooks 322

Reverse Costing® – Structure, Process and Cost analyses 328

Appendix 335

• Application description, key specifications, main players, technological trends, main drivers

About Yole Développement 364

ROBOTICS AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS REKINDLE THE BURNING INTEREST IN HIGH-END INERTIAL SYSTEMS

It was full speed ahead in 2019 for the aerospace and defense industries. In defense, increased government spending amidst rising geopolitical tensions led to the top six defense contractors reporting a 12% increase in revenue. The estimated global defense & military spending was approximately $1,800B according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), with the US accounting for a record $760 billion defense expenditure.
Aerospace is also gaining momentum, with commercial aircraft recording large deliveries and backlogs with 39,000 new planes to be delivered up to 2038 according to the US Federal Aviation Administration.

High-end inertial units are one of the key components in these systems, for navigation, stabilization and other purposes. These include a combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes, and in some cases more complicated structures such as attitude heading reference or navigation systems that can include magnetometers and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers as well.

In 2019, Yole Développement estimated that the global high-end inertial systems market was worth $3.24B, which remains a highly fragmented market with many applications. Defense & military accounted for 40%, while commercial aerospace comprises 26% of this market. Other markets that are highly dependent on inertial systems are commercial naval and industrial markets that claim 18% and 16% market share respectively. Defense & military, commercial aerospace and maritime should have 3-4% Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGRs) moving forwards in the next five years, while industrial applications look the most promising with more than 10% CAGR. There is strong potential that the high-end inertial market will surpass the $4B milestone by 2025.

In the long term, the market should be driven by long-awaited industrial applications that we predicted before and have already made their first baby steps: robotic cars, autonomous robots, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and microsatellites. New players in these domains come from various backgrounds and are ready to adopt inertial technologies. In these high-volume applications, integrators will be probably technology-agnostic and a good cost, size, weight and power (C-SWAP) could prove beneficial for MEMS, fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG) and hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG)- based inertial systems.

Nonetheless, with almost a 4.7% CAGR2019-2025 for the forecast period, the historically stable high-end inertial systems market looks promising.

SHOULD THE TRADITIONAL LEADERS THAT DOMINATE THE MARKET WORRY ABOUT INERTIAL TECHNOLOGY LIFE-CYCLES?

The inertial system market has passed through different technological stages. Indeed, some changes seem to appear on the market in almost 20-year technology cycles from first application to maturity. Initially, mechanical gyros appeared, and then optical ring laser gyroscopes (RLGs) and FOGs followed. Honeywell still dominates the market with its legacy RLG technology, while Northrop Grumman and Safran dominate the FOG market. Other smaller FOG companies such as iXblue and KVH are trying to evolve by expanding their capabilities to compete against RLG in the higher-performance segment and against silicon MEMS in the lower performance segment. KVH is chasing high-volume manufacturing with its newly announced photonic FOG, which is a miniaturized version of a FOG that could be used in autonomous vehicles and is already in evaluation programs.

Currently, the HRG phase is reaching maturity, thanks to interesting breakthroughs in high volume manufacturing, especially by Safran. This may change the landscape in mid-term, and this could also potentially impact the RLG business.

Nevertheless, MEMS has made its debut in the high-end inertial systems market. While traditionally originating from consumer and other low-end commercial applications, silicon MEMS has a low C-SWAP. It is continuously improving and pushing FOG out of many industrial and some tactical applications that are considered high-end, at 1-10°/h in-run bias instability performance. However, silicon MEMS gyros are still immature to expand in other applications that require bias instability below 1°/h. Could this become reality in the 10-20 year timeframe? Many traditional players are trying to ride the upcoming MEMS wave, such as Honeywell, NG, Safran, and UTC, who are already using silicon MEMS technologies.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL WINNER AND WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS

The inertial system landscape has been traditionally pretty stable. Both in US and globally, Honeywell is still the leader with NG following. Other notable but smaller players include KVH, Kearfott and Emcore/SDI. US companies rule over the high-end inertial systems market, with Europe and Asia as runner-ups.

On one hand, the European inertial market is dominated by Safran, which is by far the biggest player, with revenues that are an order of magnitude higher than other players such as Raytheon Anschutz, iXblue, Sensonor, Meggitt, GEM elettronica, iMAR, Kongsberg, and IAI. On the other hand, a very fragmented market exists in Asia and the rest of the world. The biggest identified players include CASC, JAE and Silicon Sensing. Chinese developments in inertial technologies originate in either military or academic environments, which are difficult to access. Still, the Chinese market should be closely monitored as many developments are ongoing in the domains of high interest such as structure monitoring in IIoT, microsatellites and general autonomous mobility.

It is important for the companies involved in the high-end inertial market to invest in the right technologies and partners, depending on the end applications targeted.

The market is still dominated by the three giants, thanks to their large portfolios. All technologies have a long lifetime, due to the specifications of the market, and no abrupt shift from one technology to the others is expected, requiring those players to keep their technology up to date. This means no outrageous shifts in geographical leadership are expected. However, one can wonder whether, looking at long term, those players will face strong competition and market disruption that could potentially emerge from local giants in China or Amazon/Boston Dynamics-like players in industrial and emerging applications, where needs and requirements are quite different from what they are used to deal with. How can they be giants with the agility of a small company to address highly customized and dynamic markets that are leading this disruption? Because, in the end, the question isn’t if, but when that disruption will happen.

Airbus, Al Cielo, Analog Devices, AOSense, Astrium, Autoflug, Boeing, CASC, Civitanavi, Colibrys, ColdQuanta, Doosan, ElbitSystems(Elop), Elektropribor, Emcore/Systron Donner, Endevco, Epson Toyocom, FiberPro, Fizoptika, Freescale, GEM Elettronica, Gladiator Technologies, Hitachi, Honeywell, IAI, iMAR, Innalabs, iXBlue, JAE, Kearfott, Kongsberg, KVH, L3 Harris, LordMicrostrain, Lumedyne Technologies, MEMSense, Moog/Crossbow, MTMicrosystems, Murata, Navtech, Northrop Grumman, Litef, Optolink, Oshkosh, PCB Piezo, Perm, Physical Logic, Raytheon, Saab, Safran, Si-Ware, SBG Systems, Schlumberger, Sensonor, Sensorex/Meggitt, Silicon Design, Silicon Sensing System, Sensors in Motion, StarNeto, Tamagawa, TDK/Tronics, Teledyne TSS, Teknol, Thales, Tokyo Keiki, UTC Aerospace/AIS Goodrich, VectorNav, Watson Instruments, XSens and more…